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2009 gmc acadia timing chain replacement cost - speleos. 23754 posts · Joined 2007. #2 · Feb 5, 2017. The 3

Symptoms Of A Faulty Timing Chain. If something happens with the chain or it succumbs

Buy a 2009 GMC Acadia Timing Chain at discount prices. Choose top quality brands AC Delco, API, Autopart Premium, CARQUEST, Cloyes, DIY Solutions, DNJ Rock, DriveBolt ...Oct 10, 2015 · Save. S. Swanman · #12 · May 23, 2018. I developed the P0017 code on my 2010 Equinox 3.0 with 79,000 miles back in 2015 resulting in replacement of the cam shaft actuator, and actuator solenoid which did not fix the issue. All 3 timing chains were then changed with the tensioners which did cure the issue. Amazon Links to product used in video:GM 3.6 Timing Chain kit- https://amzn.to/4010SqoTiming Chain Kit with Water Pump and Oil Pump - https://amzn.to/42oKFxB...Cost at the Mechanic: $567 to $743. Parts: $260 – $355. Labor: $307 – $388. Whether it’s being done as preventive maintenance or a repair, replacing the timing belt (or timing chain) is a major job that requires partial disassembly of the front of the engine. Be sure to take your vehicle to a reputable shop since a mistake in properly ...Aug 26, 2017 · I want a car company that will stand behind a $40K vehicle and my hard earned money to purchase it. Just Googled "Acadia Complaints". #1 - Transmission Failure, average cost to fix - $4000. #2 - Loss of Engine Power, Average Cost to Fix - $7,700. The extended warranty is for the timing chain, not the tranny. GM says the 2008 model year doesn't have a problem with the timing chains, nobody knows for sure why but think maybe they used chains from another vendor for 2008. 2010 Red Jewel Acadia SLT-2 FWD, Cashmere Interior, Sunroof, Cooled Seats.<br />2010 Corvette Grand …Engine Front Cover Gasket Replacement Cost Estimates. The average cost for a Engine Front Cover Gasket Replacement is between $1,448 and $1,789 but can vary from car to car. A Gmc Acadia Engine Front Cover Gasket Replacement costs between $1,448 and $1,789 on average. Get a free detailed estimate for a repair in your area.Auto Repair And Maintenance Services. Engine (Under The Hood) Services. Timing Chain Replacement. A Timing Chain Replacement costs between $532.85 and $1966.40 on average. Get an instant estimate for your car and book a certified mechanic to perform the service at your office, or wherever your fleet may go.A Gmc Acadia Timing Chain Tensioner Replacement costs between $1,921 and $2,301 on average. Get a free detailed estimate for a repair in your area.Apr 22, 2017 · Canadian cost for my 2012: $1190.00 labor $450.65 AC Delco chain $848.62 Seals, bolts, actuator, coolant, oil, guides, gaskets, bolts, ect $2489.27 subtotal $323.61 taxes _____ $2812.88 Total In my other post, I listed $3200.00 but there are a couple other items not related to the timing chain in that total. The average cost for gmc acadia timing chain replacement is. A 2009 gmc acadia engine uses a timing chain instead of a timing belt. GM 3.0 3.6 V6 Timing Chain Kit Cloyes 90753S fits Acadia Traverse. 2009 Gmc Acadia Timing Chain Replacement. Your 3.6l engine has a timing chain, and never needs to be replaced. If …The average timing chain replacement may cost $1,500 to $4,000 if you visit a professional repair shop. If you have the skills, equipment, and expertise to …Product Remark: Kit Includes: (1) Primary Timing Chain - lower 96 links silent type, (2) Secondary Timing Chains - upper 114 links, (1) Crank Sprocket - 30 teeth non-roller style, (2) Idler Sprockets - dual 22 teeth, 33 teeth - left and right, (1) Primary Guide Rail - lower right fixed, (1) Primary Guide Rail - lower top fixed, (1) Secondary Guide Rail - upper left tensioner arm, (1) Secondary ...Engine Timing Chain Kit w/Chain Guide Tensioner Sprocket For Cadillac CTS SRX STS GMC Acadia Chevy Equinox Malibu Traverse Buick Allure Enclave LaCrosse 2.8L 3.0L 3.6L DOHC 24V Replace # 9-0753S SCITOO Timing Chain Kit fits for 2007-2015 for Cadillac for Buick for Chevrolet for GMC for Saab for Saturn for Suzuki CTS SRX Enclave LaCrosse ATS …Here are some of the most common warning signs of a bad timing belt on the GMC Acadia: 1. Engine Won’t Start. If your Acadia’s timing chain or belt has fallen off completely, broken, or has jumped a few teeth, it is entirely possible that the engine won’t even start. You might hear it slapping around (broken timing belt or chain) as the ...I have a 2010 Acadia, currently 110K in miles as of July 2016. I had the timing chain replaced in January 2015 (was under 100K miles) and the dealership stated if I got oil changes every 3K miles, I would have no more issues. We did that and have the records. It is now 19 months later and I need to get the timing chain replaced again.Subject: --11340B Special Coverage Adjustment Timing Chain Wear Models: 2009 Buick Enclave 2007-2009 Cadillac CTS, SRX, STS 2009 Chevrolet Traverse 2007 GMC Acadia 2009 GMC Acadia 2007 Saturn OUTLOOK 2009 Saturn OUTLOOK Equipped with 2.8L/3.6L Engine (LP1/LY7/LLT) Supercede: The labor time in this bulletin has been revised.Our service team is available 7 days a week, Monday - Friday from 6 AM to 5 PM PST, Saturday - Sunday 7 AM - 4 PM PST. 1 (855) 347-2779 · [email protected]. Common signs of a faulty timing chain include engine misfires, metal shavings found in the oil, and rattling sounds from the engine while idling.The average cost for a Timing Chain and Gear Set Replacement is between $2,136 and $2,481 but can vary from car to car. A Gmc Acadia Timing Chain and Gear Set Replacement costs between $2,136 and $2,481 on average. Get a free …In total, timing chain replacement costs between $400 and $1,000. In the past, a timing belt was preferred to a timing chain; however, in recent years, the timing chain has proven to be a more reliable solution that lasts longer. Although it is more expensive upfront, it will be cheaper over time.Some common 07-16 GMC Acadia problems include transmission problems, timing chain problems, and power steering problems. These issues’ symptoms can range from common leaks to reverberations felt while driving. For an in-depth look at these and some other common 07-16 GMC Acadia issues, read on as we cover the symptoms, causes, and fixes for …Hiring a mechanic to replace a timing chain typically costs $300-$1,000, depending on the make and model of the vehicle, its age and whether the work is performed at a dealership or an independent shop. ... 2008 GMC Acadia, 106,000 miles. Have had oil problems for a while. Car was making a ticking noise. Price seems a little high. 16 hrs of ...🔥 This technical video from Cloyes covers the removal and installation of the timing drive system for General Motors HFV6 (High-Feature) 2.8/3.0/3.2/3.6L en...Jul 29, 2014 · Any dealer repair is guaranteed, parts and labor, for 12 months or 12,000 miles, period. 2008 Acadia SLT2 (AWD) - Deep Blue Metallic with Titanium leather - HID, HUD, XM, OnStar, dual moon roofs, touch screen NAV w/rear view camera, entertainment package (DVD/Bose), remote start... but no ashtray! Build date 28Aug07. Shop for the best Timing Chain Tensioner for your 2009 GMC Acadia, and you can place your order online and pick up for free at your local O'Reilly Auto Parts. ... Find a Repair Shop Current Ad Shopping List. 20% OFF $125 use code: PUMPKIN20 Online, ... Cart | 0. Close. Select a Store Find One Near You. 2009 GMC Acadia. 2009 GMC Acadia - Timing ...So, we covered the GMC Acadia 2009 problems, now let’s move on to the recalls. 2009 GMC Acadia Recall. Now as we covered the GMC Acadia 2009 problems. Let’s take a look at the recalls. Unfortunately, there wasn’t a GMC Acadia air conditioner recall or GMC Acadia timing chain recall as most of you would expect.The average cost for a GMC Acadia Limited Timing Chain and Gear Set Replacement is between $1,754 and $2,102. Labor costs are estimated between $1,329 and $1,676 while …The average cost for a Timing Chain and Gear Set Replacement is between $2,136 and $2,481 but can vary from car to car. A Gmc Acadia Timing Chain and Gear Set Replacement costs between $2,136 and $2,481 on average. Get a free …2010 Acadia. This timing chain issue should have been recalled on this vehicle. Just spent $3600 on new timing chain and still have check engine light on. Timing chain was even more costly than the wave plate fail - which also should have been a manufacturer recall.Been installing about $1800 worth of new kitchen appliances from Lowes. Anyway, don't know what you have done, but watch the video and install the new chains & gears exactly as shown. "If" it doesn't start it is probably 180 degrees "out of phase". Do it again, as if it was the first time.Our service team is available 7 days a week, Monday - Friday from 6 AM to 5 PM PST, Saturday - Sunday 7 AM - 4 PM PST. 1 (855) 347-2779 · [email protected]. Common signs of a faulty timing chain include engine misfires, metal shavings found in the oil, and rattling sounds from the engine while idling.Nov 17, 2013 · While I could see timing chains being changed without dropping the engine cradle, I suspect there are many parts that need to come off first to provide space to work along with much cursing. Some jobs are better left to the folks with the correct equipment or find a friend that has a lift. Reply. Save. Replacing a timing chain will typically cost anywhere between $1,000 to $2,500 (parts and labor included.) The actual amount will vary on your vehicle’s make and model, and your unique location. The timing chain itself costs around $100-$250, though some timing chain kits can go up to $500! A good timing chain kit will include all the gears ...2007 GMC Acadia . 2009 GMC Acadia . 2007 Saturn OUTLOOK . 2009 Saturn OUTLOOK . Equipped with 2.8L/3.6L Engine (LP1/LY7/LLT) ... refer to the appropriate timing chain replacement procedure in SI. After the timing chain has been replaced, proceed to Step 2. ... $17.20 CAD, plus applicable Mark-Up or Landed Cost (for Export). ** The amount ...GMC Acadia Brake Pads Price. Just getting your brake pads replaced on your GMC Acadia can cost between $311 – $365. Cost at the Mechanic: Parts: $124 – $146; Labor: $187 – $219; Brake pad replacement is done at prescribed mileage intervals, but you should have them replaced immediately when a noise and/or vibration is felt in …If premature wear of the timing chain occurs on your 2007 model year GMC Acadia; Saturn OUTLOOK; 2007-2009 model year Cadillac CTS, SRX, STS; 2009 model year Buick Enclave; Chevrolet Traverse; GMC Acadia; or Saturn OUTLOOK vehicle, equipped with a 2.8L/3.6L V6 engine, within 10 years of the date your vehicle was originally placed in service or ...The average price of a 2021 GMC Acadia timing belt replacement can vary depending on location. Get a free detailed estimate for a timing belt replacement in your area from KBB.comApr 30, 2015 · #11340C: Special Coverage Adjustment-Timing Chain Wear - (Feb 16, 2012) Subject: 11340C – Special Coverage Adjustment — Timing Chain Wear Models: 2009 Buick Enclave 2007-2009 Cadillac CTS, SRX, STS 2009 Chevrolet Traverse 2007 GMC Acadia 2009 GMC Acadia 2007 Saturn OUTLOOK 2009 Saturn OUTLOOK Equipped with 2.8L/3.6L Engine (LP1/LY7/LLT ... The average price of a 2017 GMC Acadia Limited timing belt replacement can vary depending on location. ... Older cars may have a timing chain, similar to a chain on a motorcycle, with a life cycle ...Jan 21, 2021 The GMC Acadia first hit the market in 2007, and it’s become a staple among the crossover community ever since. However, even the greats have issues, as is the …Timing chain is louse or need replacing again. I was gifted a 2010 Arcadia SLT for free with. 80,000 miles on it, but in the last four years have I have spent almost $25,000 on the car with new engine and new timing chain and found out today after a oil change that the timing chain is bad again. Sad - GMC Arcadia is the worse car I have …Jun 16, 2023 · The average cost of replacing a timing chain is between $1,600 and $1,800 if you intend to have your vehicle repaired at a mechanic. If you have the knowledge to DIY the repair on your own, you’ll only need to pay around $600 to $800 for the new part. However, this is a task best left to those with ample experience working on cars. Choose for Me to Minimize Cost Choose for Me to Minimize Cost. Related Parts. Related Parts. Engine Repair Manual. Water Pump. Intentionally blank: Intentionally blank: Related Parts. GMC > 2009 > ACADIA > 3.6L V6 > Engine > Timing Chain & Component Kit. Price: Alternate: No parts for vehicles in selected markets. Economy . SKP SK90753SX …Started timing chains on an Acadia today. Worked on it from 7-10 PM today but after 14 hours of work today I was ready to be done. We will finish disassembly...Acadia SLT 3.6L V6. Automatic transmission. 80,129 miles. At 80,000 miles the timing chain needed to be replaced on my 2010 GMC Acadia, they said it had stretched out, and needed to be replaced ...I then got a nightmare call from the service department, Mr. Joseph, your engine sustained damage from the broken timing chain, and your engine will have to be replaced at a cost of $9800.00. Now here is my dilemma I currently owe $19,000.00 on my vehicle and my mileage is currently at 126000 thousand due to my travels to and from the east coast.Jul 24, 2018 · My GMC Acadia, 2009, SLT2 has recently developed a condition where It is having a rattle noise from engine timing chains for couple of seconds during start with little prolonged start. The codes which can be drawn are P0300, P0301, P0303, P0016 and P0305. The vehicle is also giving continuous rough idle. The average price of a 2021 GMC Acadia timing belt replacement can vary depending on location. Get a free detailed estimate for a timing belt replacement in your area from KBB.comApr 22, 2017 · Canadian cost for my 2012: $1190.00 labor $450.65 AC Delco chain $848.62 Seals, bolts, actuator, coolant, oil, guides, gaskets, bolts, ect $2489.27 subtotal $323.61 taxes _____ $2812.88 Total In my other post, I listed $3200.00 but there are a couple other items not related to the timing chain in that total. #11340C: Special Coverage Adjustment-Timing Chain Wear - (Feb 16, 2012) Subject: 11340C – Special Coverage Adjustment — Timing Chain Wear Models: 2009 Buick Enclave 2007-2009 Cadillac CTS, SRX, STS 2009 Chevrolet Traverse 2007 GMC Acadia 2009 GMC Acadia 2007 Saturn OUTLOOK 2009 Saturn OUTLOOK Equipped with 2.8L/3.6L Engine (LP1/LY7/LLT ...The 2009 GMC Acadia’s engine appears to be no better than the engine in the first two models, with complaints continuing to pour in about unexpected failures. In the case of the 2009 GMC Acadia, the catalytic converter specifically was named in a handful of incidents. However, the timing chain was blamed in numerous cases as well. a. GMC Acadia Limited Timing Chain and Gear Set Replacement. is between. $1,754. and. $2,102. . Labor costs are estimated between $1,329 and $1,676 while parts are priced between $426 and $426. Your location and vehicle may affect the price of Timing Chain and Gear Set Replacement.My mechanic claims that he did change the timing chain on an Acadia 2007 without pulling out the whole engine from the car. ... Shadow Metallic outside, Cirrus/Jet Black inside, more 'tech toys' than I'll ever use 2009 Toyota Matrix S, Nautical Blue Metallic outside, Dark Charcoal inside, 2.4L I4, automatic, FWD Bye yo, HiYo - 8/13/2020 2007 ...The Average Cost to Replace a Timing Chain Is $659 to $1,867 Depending on if You Go to the Mechanic or DIY. These prices are based on national averages. …Sep 7, 2021 · Acadia SLT 3.6L V6. Automatic transmission. 80,129 miles. At 80,000 miles the timing chain needed to be replaced on my 2010 GMC Acadia, they said it had stretched out, and needed to be replaced ... Jan 21, 2021 The GMC Acadia first hit the market in 2007, and it’s become a staple among the crossover community ever since. However, even the greats have issues, as is the …2009 GMC Acadia SLE, FWD. ... I have a 2010 Acadia with 79,000 miles that the Dealer has diagnosed as timing chain failure at a cost of over $3,000! I'm still making payments on the vehicle and can't afford borrowing $3,000 to repair GM's faulty engine design. ... The class action suit against GM would not force a recall, it would just force GM ...Part 2: This job can be done with the engine still in the car. But to give you a better view, and to more easily complete other work I had to do, I raised th...When it comes to purchasing a used midsize SUV, the options can be overwhelming. With so many different makes and models available, it can be difficult to determine which one is the best fit for your needs and budget. One popular choice in ...The average price of a 2016 GMC Acadia timing belt replacement can vary depending on location. Get a free detailed estimate for a timing belt replacement in your area from KBB.com2008 Acadia timing chain. Jump to Latest Follow ... 2020 Cadillac XT5 Sport, Shadow Metallic outside, Cirrus/Jet Black inside, more 'tech toys' than I'll ever use 2009 Toyota Matrix S, Nautical Blue Metallic outside, Dark Charcoal inside, 2.4L I4, automatic, FWD Bye yo, HiYo - 8/13/2020 2007 GMC Acadia SLT-2, 'HiYo' Silver …actuator gears, crankshaft driven gear or the chain guides as these parts should not be replaced for a stretched timing chain setting DTCs P0008, P0009, P0016, P0017, P0018 and/or P0019. Idler gears, camshaft actuators, crankshaft driven gears and timing chain guides are being replaced unnecessarily and are not worn and should not be replaced.P0019 definition: The correlation of the camshaft and crankshaft positions on bank 2 is incorrect based on the intake camshaft position sensor. Repair Urgency: Fix this code immediately (same day if possible) to avoid internal engine damage. Diagnosis: This trouble code can cause the vehicle to be hard to start and run rough.Apr 30, 2015 · #11340C: Special Coverage Adjustment-Timing Chain Wear - (Feb 16, 2012) Subject: 11340C – Special Coverage Adjustment — Timing Chain Wear Models: 2009 Buick Enclave 2007-2009 Cadillac CTS, SRX, STS 2009 Chevrolet Traverse 2007 GMC Acadia 2009 GMC Acadia 2007 Saturn OUTLOOK 2009 Saturn OUTLOOK Equipped with 2.8L/3.6L Engine (LP1/LY7/LLT ... The average price of a 2009 GMC Acadia timing belt replacement can vary depending on location. Get a free detailed estimate for a timing belt replacement in your area from KBB.com I am currently out of all warranties as of 60ish days ago, I explained to the service adviser the issues above. I got charged $98.55 :banghead: for the GM tech to pull DTC's P0016 and P0017, I informed the service advisor about the stretched timing chain issues with other Acadia's and that GM just extended to warranty to fix the problem ...The CMP actuator system accomplishes this by changing the angle or timing of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft position. The CMP actuator simply allows earlier or later intake and exhaust valve opening during the four stroke engine cycle. The CMP actuator cannot vary the duration of valve opening, or the valve lift.Hiring a mechanic to replace a timing chain typically costs $300-$1,000, depending on the make and model of the vehicle, its age and whether the work is performed at a dealership or an independent shop. ... 2008 GMC Acadia, 106,000 miles. Have had oil problems for a while. Car was making a ticking noise. Price seems a little high. 16 hrs of ...How much does Timing Cover Replacement cost? ... 2006 GMC: Yukon XL 2500$516: $79.32: $436.95: 10%: $573.82: 2014 Acura: TSX$363: $153.99: $208.97: 7%: ... If the timing belt or chain needs to be replaced, have our expert mechanics check the timing cover for damage and replace it if needed. Remember that oil leaks can damage the timing cover ...Shop Amazon for 9-0753S 3.6 Timing Chain Kit for 2.8L 3.0L 3.6L Chevy Equinox Malibu Traverse GMC Acadia Terrain Cadillac CTS Buick V6 Engine and find millions of items, ... Shipping cost, delivery date, and order total (including tax) shown at checkout. Add to Cart. ... For 2007-2009 Cadillac Srx 3.6L V6 3564cc 217 Cid Dohc, (24 …The average price of a 2021 GMC Acadia timing belt replacement can vary depending on location. Get a free detailed estimate for a timing belt replacement in your area from KBB.comMy daughters 2009 Acadia with 30,000 miles had a timing chain failure in the engine recently.Hers is the third 2009 Acadia with 30,000 miles to have this problem …Pitch (in): 0.250 Inch. Width (in): 0.430 Inch. The timing chain connects the camshaft to the crankshaft and keeps them rotating in sync. Older vehicles will have one chain, but newer models may have multiple cams and chains. Since the timing chain is a metal link design, it is dependent on oil. If the oil pressure drops, it can affect the ...The average price of a 2018 GMC Acadia timing belt replacement can vary depending on location. Get a free detailed estimate for a timing belt replacement in your area from KBB.comThe timing chain is usually replaced every 100,000 miles but can fail sooner. When the chain goes bad, it will cause issues and need to be replaced with the GM 3.6 VVT having two timing chains. Many DIY type individuals do replace timing chains, but it is not an easy job with many parts needing to be removed to get the new chain on.It’s cable reimagined. No DVR space limits. No long-term contract. No hidden fees. No cable box. No problems. These are a few things I found as I replaced the timing …a. GMC Acadia Timing Chain Tensioner Replacement. is between. $1,921. and. $2,301. . Labor costs are estimated between $1,451 and $1,830 while parts are priced between $471 and $471. Your location and vehicle may affect the price of Timing Chain Tensioner Replacement.$267 - $313 Labor $408 - $460 Independent $1222 - $1361 Get Service Estimates About Timing Belt Replacement • Critical to the operation of your vehicle, the timing belt synchs the operations...a. GMC Acadia Timing Chain Tensioner Replacement. is between. $1,921. and. $2,301. . Labor costs are estimated between $1,451 and $1,830 while parts are priced between $471 and $471. Your location and vehicle may affect the price of Timing Chain Tensioner Replacement.Checked with my OBD reader got code P0017, 0073. Reset and 0017 came back. Took to GMC dealer for full scan and found several codes. Need timing chains replaced, and catalytic converter replaced. Some other codes said to be related to those problems. Cost to repair is $3500 (+/-) for chains, $1000 for converters.Jul 29, 2014 · Any dealer repair is guaranteed, parts and labor, for 12 months or 12,000 miles, period. 2008 Acadia SLT2 (AWD) - Deep Blue Metallic with Titanium leather - HID, HUD, XM, OnStar, dual moon roofs, touch screen NAV w/rear view camera, entertainment package (DVD/Bose), remote start... but no ashtray! Build date 28Aug07. Jan 2, 2018 · This special coverage covers the condition described above for a period of 10 years or 120,000 miles (193,000 km), whichever occurs first, from the date the vehicle was originally placed in service, regardless of ownership. Dealers are to replace the timing chain. The repairs will be made at no charge to the customer. 2011 GMC Acadia Denali AWD. Save. Donk · #4 · Jan 21, 2022. Get details from the shop regarding which parts are to be changed. Just my parts were over a thousand all total. Spend the little extra and replace everything. 2009 GMC Acadia SLT white FWD, running boards, 2nd row captains chairs, 3rd row, panoramic dual sunroof. Save.The GMC Acadia has a timing chain. The chain lasts longer compared to the timing belt and requires less frequent replacement compared to the timing belt. All the recent model years of GMC Acadia come standard with the timing chain, which is more affordable in the long run compared to the timing belt. The GMC Acadia is an aggressive and stunning ...The average price of a 2007 GMC Acadia timing belt replacement can vary depending on location. Get a free detailed estimate for a timing belt replacement in your area from KBB.comStarted timing chains on an Acadia today. Worked on it from 7-10 PM today but after 14 hours of work today I was ready , Buy Now!New Engine Water Pump from 1AAuto.com http://1aau.to/ia/ACEWP00027The water pump , Depends on what you get with the timing chain kit, but you might want to consider changing sprockets and , 2010 GMC Acadia with approximately 98,000 miles had to replace the timing chains, cost around $25, ... replace the timing chains, cost around $2500. Wrote a letter to GM and they have turned their back , Click to expand... Customer pay repair for timing chain replac, If premature wear of the timing chain occurs on your 2007 model year GMC Acadia; Saturn OUTLOOK; 2007-, a. GMC Acadia Timing Chain Tensioner Replacement. is between. $1, GMC Acadia Brake Pads Price. Just getting your bra, The average cost of replacing a timing chain is between $, Pitch (in): 0.250 Inch. Width (in): 0.430 Inch. The timing, 2009 GMC Acadia SLE, FWD. ... I have a 2010 Acadia with 79,, The average cost for a Timing Chain Replacement is betwe, Jan 20, 2022 · 2011 GMC Acadia Denali AWD. Save. Donk · #4, As of September 2020, GMC has yet to issue a recall , The average price of a 2020 GMC Acadia timing belt repl, Timing Chain Kit, includes Timing Cover Gasket, and Water Pump. Par, P0019 definition: The correlation of the camshaft and c.